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Crash Course: Ancient Egypt

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hi there my name is John Green and this is crash course world history today we're going to talk about Egypt no not that Egypt older older older fictional yes that one you probably do know King Tut and you may recognize that the Eye of Horus is right now staring at me and judging me I can feel I can feel your judgement when we think of ancient civilizations we think of each the reasons for this like the fact of the pyramids with the last man standing in the seven ancient wonders of the world but more importantly ancient Egyptian civilization lasted from 3 listen to BCE to 332 BCE that's in. That historians call a long-**** time and I will mind you it is not cursing find talking about donkeys study of history as a long conversation about philosophy or as clashes between or you can see through when's of traditionally neglected populations like women or indigenous peoples or slaves and we're going to try to take many approaches to our study of history during crash course mr. Bean mr. Bean mr. Bean which approach is right I mean for the test oh me from the past remember how you spent all of thirty or French writing notes back and forth to that girl when she eventually agreed to go out with you and you did make it to second base but now you can hardly para Lomo de francais historical lenses are like that my friend with every choice something is gay and something is lost river valley civilizations precious Tigris and Euphrates rivers shaped the worldview of early Mesopotamians the Nile shaped the worldview of the Egyptians let's go to the regular oh and benign making for one of the safest and richest agricultural areas in the world the River flooded the fields at precisely the right time leaving behind nutrient-rich silt from playing season planting was so easy that Egyptians just tossed seeds around the silty earth and then let their cattle or pigs walk on it to press the seeds into the ground and then boom rain and figs and wheat and pomegranates and melons and joy unlike most river valley civilizations Egyptian communities existed only along the which was now enough to get valuable resources Downstream from Timber to gold which of the Egyptians considered the divine metal there by introducing an idea that would eventually call me in mr. T then I always also easily chain while other river valley civilizations needed complicated and labor-intensive Hydraulic Engineering projects to irrigate crops than who was some chill that Egyptians could use a simple form of water management called Basin Irrigation in which Farmers used flood waters to fill Earth and basins and canals for irrigation in short awesome isn't the Nile Matt Egyptians could create big food surpluses with relatively little work allowing time and energy for some pretty impressive projects also than I only help explain ancient Egypt General optimism for instance saw the afterlife is this Gloomy darkplace Egyptians were often buried with things that were you cool and pleasurable to them in life because the afterlife was seen as a continuation of this life which at least if you lived along the Nile wasn't half-bad thanks bubble and now my dear pupils I shall terrorize you with you pression of dates no dates thank you print a three broad categories each with their own number dynasties but only hard for Egypt ologist know the dynasties and we're not trying to become hardcore Egypt in the Old Kingdom what's 49 - 2152 the Middle Kingdom from 2040 to 1640 and the New Kingdom so called because it is only 3000 years old lasted from 1550 to 1070 BC hey between you have a couple so-called intermediate. Okay Old Kingdom Glory age of Indiana Jones possible like the pyramids diesel in the Sun King raw and the idea of divine kingship the king or Farrah was either of God very close to a god which seems like a good gig except that it meant he wasn't to act like a person he was expected to act like a god which in ancient Egypt means acting like the Nile calm cool benevolent of course there are the pyramids which aside from remaining impressive to behold represent a remarkable degree of political and social control over the population because it easy to convince people to devote their lives to building a sarcophagus for someone else 2575 and 2465 BCE Sphinx was built for Catherine the largest the Great Pyramid was built for the Pharaoh Khufu the pyramids were built partly by peasants who were required by Egyptian wall to work for the government to sir number of months per year and partly by slaves but not by Moses and the Jews who showed up on the scene long before the pyramids were ever even a twinkle in khufu's ice needs to an tell me question why why in the sweet name of Rob would anyone ever build such a thing will it start with Ross raining over here we off with what eventually became really Central to the entire Pantheon of gods in ancient Egypt he was the god of the sun but also the god of creation and the thinking was stops in the pantheon of gods would maintain Cosmic order and since the Pharaohs became guns upon their death it made sense to please them even unto Pier Egyptian popular religion also embrace the belief in amulets and magic and divination and the belief that certain animals especially cats had divine power and I did bring that up just so I can walk at for recording contract send agreement another boring stuff heading over who should have power and we had an intermediate.  Which was followed by the  the mid Kingdom really that's a bummer stand I wanted to be the Middle Earth how awesome would that be like right in the middle of Egyptian history they were hobbits so what kingdom which apparently had no hob it's restored veronic rule in 2040 BCE but with some distinct change first the new rulers were Outsiders from Downriver in Nubia the Foster to new Pantheon of gods the star of which was Amon which means hidden so here's a little lesson from history tend to do well because they're show all men eventually merge with Ron to form the god Amun wrong with like the best God ever in all the Middle Kingdom pharaohs made temples for him and devoted all of their surf place to his glory the Middle Kingdom also developed an interest in conquering specifically the new pharaohs homeland of Nubia and they developed interest in getting Concord specifically by the mitic people's from the Levant is regular chariots next like the Nile and assimilated into the Egyptians and the Egyptians adopted their military technology and then the Egyptians destroyed the Hyksos and expelled them from Egypt 1550 BCE there was again in Egyptian pharaoh on Moses whose name only sounds like an STD graphically imposed isolationism and can we cure the New Kingdom graphically there it is Zoo Kingdom Egypt continue this military expansion but it looks more like an empire particularly when they headed Fountain took over land in an attempt to find gold and slaves of the New Kingdom pharaohs was headship suit a woman who ruled Egypt for about 22 recent who expanded Egypt not through military might but through trade but most New Kingdom pharaohs being dudes focused on Military expansion which brought Egypt into conflicts with syrians will remember from last week and then the Persians and then Alexander the Great and finally the Roman the whole you're probably would have been better off  geographical isolation not trying to conquer new territory but all of Egypt's friends and jumped off a bridge so one last thing about the New Kingdom there was this crazy New Kingdom Pharaoh named Akhenaten who tried to invent new God for Egypt Akhenaten Wascana the Kim Jong-il with ancient Egypt like he had this fear and police force in this big cult of personality and also he was a nut job anyway after his death he was replaced by his wife and then a daughter and then a son to Cotton who turned his back on the weird God Otten and changed his name Tutankhamun and that is about all King Tut did before he died probably around the age of 17 honestly the only reason King Tut is famous pharaohs had their grades robbed by ancient people and King Tut had his grave robbed by 20th century British people which brings us to be open letter an open letter to King Tut terrible terrible gift for the secret compartment dear King Tut I know that has pharaohs lives nearest was pretty poor first you had to marry your sister which hopefully you weren't that psyched about plus you had a cleft palate and probably scoliosis plus you die before reaching adulthood but dude you have had the best afterlife ever since your body was discovered in 1922 you probably the most famous ancient person there books about new Scholars have devoted their lives to you too were so obsessed with you that we use this fancy new technology to scan your body and establish that you probably died of an infected broken leg and Dormer arioso you've inspired such seminal works of art is the Discovery Kids series to dance time with my son forces me to watch your relics and been to six con so it all works out in the end man well I mean you're still dead so I kind of socks best wishes John Greenlee this nicely to the really crucial sing about Egyptian culture because King Tut live right around the same time as the pyramids right remember the Old Kingdom live in 1322 BCE 1200 years later that's five and a half Americas but because it was so similar for so long tends to blend together when we imagine in Egypt lasted a thousand years longer than Christianity has been around and 800 years longer than that other super long live civil Nation China lasted longer than Western Civilization has existed and it had run its course before the West Was even born next week will be the Persians and the Greeks I'll see you then  crash course is produced and directed by Stan mower the show is written by Raul Myer my high school history teacher and myself are script supervisor is Danica Johnson and our Graphics team is thought bubble last week's Praise of the week was male models you can take your guests at this week's Praise of the weekend and also suggest future phrases of the weekend if you have any questions about today's video leave them in comments and our team of semi professional quasi historians will endeavor to answer as best we can thanks for watching my hometown don't forget to be awesome

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